Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, itchy skin. It’s a common ailment that can vary in severity and can occur in both children and adults. Eczema results in inflamed, red, and sometimes blistered or peeling skin. It usually begins in the first few years of life and is often the initial indication that a child may later develop asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (hay fever.)
Eczema is not contagious, but its intrusive symptoms can significantly impact the quality of life of those who are afflicted with it.
Eczema Symptoms
Eczema symptoms vary from person to person but often include intense itching, dry or cracked skin, and discoloration. In infants, eczema usually appears as tiny bumps on the cheeks. Older children and adults often experience rashes on the knees or elbows (typically in the folds of the joints), on the backs of hands, or on the scalp.
Eczema Types
There are several types of eczema, each with distinct characteristics. Some of the more prevalent ones include:
- Atopic Dermatitis: This is the most common form of eczema. Often starting in childhood, it is characterized by dry, itchy skin that can become inflamed and infected when scratched.
- Contact Dermatitis: This type occurs when the skin reacts to certain substances (triggers) it comes into contact with, causing red, itchy, and inflamed skin. Common triggers include soaps, detergents, and some metals.
- Dyshidrotic Eczema: This form of eczema is marked by small, itchy blisters on the edges of the fingers, toes, palms, and soles of the feet. It’s more common in women and is often associated with stress or seasonal allergies.
- Nummular Eczema: Also known as discoid eczema, it appears as round, coin-shaped spots on the skin that can be itchy and scaly. It’s more common in men and often linked to dry skin during the winter months.
What Causes Eczema?
The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it’s believed to be linked to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It involves an overactive immune system response to irritants. People with eczema often have a genetic mutation that affects the skin’s barrier, making it more susceptible to irritants, allergens, and environmental factors.
Is Eczema Chronic?
Yes, eczema, particularly atopic dermatitis, is generally considered a chronic condition. This means it’s a long-lasting condition that can have periods of remission and flare-ups. While eczema is chronic, and its intensity can vary from person to person, symptoms can often be effectively managed by using a treatment plan and by taking extra good care of your skin.
What is a Flare-Up?
An eczema “flare-up” refers to a return or sudden worsening of symptoms, usually as a response to an “eczema trigger,” such as stress, skin irritants, allergens, or changes in the environment. Flare-ups can vary in severity and duration, but the right treatment can keep them under control.
What is a Trigger?
An eczema trigger is any factor that aggravates the symptoms of eczema, causing a flare-up. Triggers can be environmental (pollen, smoke, weather), but many times they’re caused by something such as certain soaps or detergents, rough fabrics, specific foods, or even stress. The most effective way to treat Eczema flares is to prevent them. By avoiding triggers and having a treatment plan, you can keep your eczema contained.
Treatment
Treatment options fall into two main categories: ways to relieve symptoms and ways to prevent them from coming back. Most treatments provide short-term relief, but the key to extended peace from eczema lies in preventative measures.
By identifying and avoiding triggers, keeping your skin hydrated, and having an effective strategy to counter sudden flare-ups, you can live a regular life without the constant worry of eczema.
Of course, we can’t always avoid our triggers or flare-ups. In these cases, there are several treatment options that you can discuss with your doctor:
- Creams that ease skin irritation and itchiness
- Antibiotics to battle infection, if present.
- Anti-inflammatory pills or applications.
- Topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
- Antihistamines to alleviate itching.
While some of these options require a prescription, others can easily be purchased over the counter.
When Should I Call a Doctor About My Eczema?
Call a doctor about eczema if your symptoms are severe and/or the condition is negatively impacting your daily life.
When over-the-counter treatments fail to relieve your symptoms, especially when there is a sudden spike in their intensity, it’s best to consult with a doctor. This is especially true in cases where you suspect you have an infection (usually indicated by scabs or pus.)
Professional NJ Allergist Serving Adults and Children
Eczema is one of the most common skin conditions in the world, and our passionate allergists are ready to help you fight back. At Northern Valley Allergy Asthma and Sinus Center, we provide professional eczema and allergy treatment services for patients of all ages. Contact Northern Valley Allergy Asthma and Sinus Center today to schedule an appointment, book your allergy injection, or learn more about our allergy diagnosis and treatment services!
